Permanent waving rod



May 16, 1933. KT, MULLEAGUE 1,909,305

PERMANENT WAVING ROD Filed Jan. 4, 1953 Patented May 16, 1933l UNITED STATES PATENT "OFFICE s THOMAS MULLEAGUE, OF OMAHA, NEBRASKA PERMANENT WAVING non Application filed January 4, 19323. Serial No. 650,166.

one possessing the combined features of twol wel-il known types of waving rods now used in the trade.

rl7`here are now inr genera-l use two distinct types of permanent waving rods; the spiral rod, and the croquinole rod. Each of these rods has certain advantages andy each also Y, has'certain'disadvantages It is with aview of combining lthe advantages of the two methods and eliminating the accompanying defects that the present inventiony is' sub*- n-ifitte'd. So far, no device hasY been put on the' general market which attempts to accom-v "plish this purpose,and at theY present the permanent wave customer is. forced to choose between the relative advantages and disadvantages of each method.

rEhe spiral rod method of permanent wav- 'ing is done by first wrapping the hair close to the scalp about the rod and winding outward. This makes it possible tof give a wave which beginsy close to the scalp. IIowever, it does not produce a good ringlet curl on the outs-ide end. Of course, an attractiveringlet curl on thev outer endof the hair is highly desirable tocustomers.V Moreover,A in administering the wave it is very difficult toy keep the hair from slipping onthe rod, and ifthe 'r'hair slips after it is wound about the rod,

the wave is" loose` and. wealn The proper tightening' of this rod quite often necessitates the use of a pair of pliers. In short, the `spiral rod gives a close wave but doesnot give a good end ringlet curl and is difficult to administer.

The other type of rod, vthe croquinole, is used by' winding the hair from the outside end in toward the scalp. In doing this the wrap on they end gives a good ringletcurl to the end ofV the hair but because the hair is wound from the endy in toward the scalp it is notpossible to give a waveto the hair which is within two' inches ofthe scalp. In addition to that, the wave close tothe scalp is Weak and ineffective because theha'ir' is wound about therod from the 'outside end in toward the scalp. The roll is heavyrand' thickand the wave in close'to the scalp is weak. Also, the croquinole wave does not last as long, since it begins a greater distance fromj4 the scalpand thel hair growing out destroys the wave in a relatively short timezf In short, Vthe croqu-inole produces a good f ringlet curl onf the end but does vnot produce-Y a wave close to the scalp and consequently the wave is of shorter duration.

Having pondered over the foregoing fac'- tors andl circumstances, I have discovered the need for the development of a simple and economical deviceV to overcome the aforesaid disadvantages. Consequently-I have lbeen confronted with the solution of a vrather. un- Y usual problem, but have nevertheless suc'- ceeded in: the production of an unusually simple and reffective rod whichpermiits the production of" uniform convolutions or curls from'the scalp to the eXtreme outer end of the grouped strands'. f

In carryingl the principles of the' inventive conception into' actual practice, -I have evolved and produced a structure which is easy to handle, positive and dependable in action, and otherwise susceptible of fulfilling the requirementsof a feasible and 'practical typey of waving rod.

In the accompanying graphic or pictorial illustrations of the preferred embodiment of the invention, wherein like numerals are employed to designate like parts throughout theviews:

Figure 1 is a View partly in section and partly in elevation showing the variousv me*` chanfical parts and their relative; arrangement and association when co-'ordinatedto producev served that the primary part of the device is outer ends of the hair.

differentiated by the numeral 5 and this comprises a longitudinally elongated conical mandrel 6 the large end of which defines an abutment shoulder 7 and the reduced end of which is provided with a maintenance kerf or notch 8. Formed integrally with and extending axially from the shouldered end of the mandrel is a shank or stem 9 whose righthand end portion is screw-threaded as indicated at 10 to accommodate a retaining cap 11. The cap is formed with an internally screw-threaded socket 12 to accommodate the stem-end 10 and its external surface is of flat-faced form to facilitate engagement of a Wrench or pliers therewith for turning, if necessary.

Surrounding the stem 9 and interposed between the shoulder 7 and the inner end of the cap is a rotary sleeve or cylinder 13 which constitutes t-he relatively movable mandrel. This is of a double conical type tapering from its central portion toward its opposite end as indicated at the points 14 and 15 respectively.

A somewhat Z-shaped spring 16 is attached to the central portion of the rotary mandrel one end of the spring extending into the bore thereof, and the opposite free end 17 being exposed on the surface and projecting in a direction from the shoulder 7 to form a resilient fastener or clip for that portion of the hair which is attached thereto.

With my improved type rod, I begin wrapping the hair in close to the scalp and wind it outward toward the outer ends of the groups of strands. This makes possible a wave which is one and a half or two inches closer tothe scalp than the wave developed by the aforesaid croquinole type rod. Moreover, it means that the wave produced by my rod will last 'from two to three months longer than the wave given by the croquinole rod.

The hair is wrapped from the left-hand end of the shaftby engaging it in the kerf or notch 8 until a point is reached adjacent to the shoulder 7. Approximately one-half of the hair is wrapped on the relatively thick conical mandrel or core 6, the wrapping process being begun close to the scalp and wrapped outwardly in the manner just described.

After half of the strand of hair is thus wrapped, I then go clear out to the outer end of the hair. For instance, I take the outer end of the strand and insert the hair under the spring clip. Then I revolve the rotary mandrel or cylinder and this wraps the remaining half of the hair around the cylinder. Finally, the nut-like cap is screwed up against the adjacent end of the cylinder so that further rotation is prevented. thus making it possible to curl the hair with the requisite degree of uniformity and tightness.

The process of tucking the hair under the spring makes a perfect ringlet curl on the Further, the weak ends of the hair are now underneath and the rest of the hair is Wound over these ends. This prevents too much steaming on the weaker part of the hair, and that is the outer end. There is no need to tie the end of the hair to the rod with string or by the use of wool crepe because the spring holds the ends of the hair in place. Also, the burr on the end makes it possible to tighten the curl easily and quickly. The hair on the rod cannot slip and destroy the wave because the burr holds it securely in place. Also, the hair can be drawn more tightly without any physical discomfort to the customer because the tension is all between the end of the hair and a point about midway between the scalp and the end, and therefore produces no pulling on the scalp.

The gist of the invention is in the provision of a sectional curling rod characterized by the primary part 5 embodying the conical relatively fixed wrapping mandrel or core 6 with means at one end for attachment of the hair and a stem at the opposite end to support the binding nut-like cap 11 and the centrally located rotary'mandrel 13, wherein said rotary mandrel is provided with a clip or equivalent element 17 to facilitate attachment of the complemental portion of the hair thereto for secure and uniform wrapping purposes.

Incidentally, and if desired, one end portion of the rotary mandrel may be formed with a wrench grip 18 as shown in Figure 2.

It is thought from the foregoing description that the advantages and novel features of the invention will be readily apparent. It is to be understood that changes may be made in the construction and in the combination and arrangement of the several part-s provided that such changes fall within the scope 105 of the appended claims.

I claim:

1. A device of the class described comprising a relatively fixed hair wrapping mandrel adapted to accommodate the inner curled portions of the wrap, and a contiguous longitu dinally aligned relatively movable companion mandrel co-operable with said first-named mandrel to accommodate the outer end portion of the wrapping.

2. A device of the class described comprising a relatively fixed hair wrapping mandrel adapted to accommodate the inner curled portions of the wrap, and a contiguous longitudinally aligned relatively movable companion 120 mandrel co-operable with said first-named mandrel to accommodate the outer end portion of the wrapping, said relatively movable mandrel being provided with a hair retention clip and the fixed mandrel being formed at its 125 inner end with a hair retention kerf.

3. A device of the class described comprising a relatively fixed mandrel formed at one end with a retention kerf and at its opposite end with an axially aligned stem, a sleeve-like 139 relatively rotatable mandrel mounted on said stem and bearing at one end against the adj acent outer end portion of said fixed mandrel, and means carried by said stem and co-opcrable With the opposite end of said rotary mandrel for fastening the rotary mandrel temporarily to the stem.

4. A permanent Waving rod of the class described comprising a longitudinally elongated conical Winding mandrel formed at its small end With a hair retention kerf, the opposite end thereof defining an abutment shoulder, a central longitudinally elongated axially Vdisposed stem attached integrally to and eX- tending from said shoulder and terminating in a screw-threaded end portion, a retaining cap having an internal screw-threaded socket fastened on said screw-threaded end portion, a two-Way tapered sleeve surrounding .the stem for rotation and constituting a relatively rotary mandrel and bearing at one end against the shoulder and at its opposite end against said cap7 together with a spring clip Y carried by the central portion of said rotary mandrel for attachment of the hair thereto.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature.

THOMAS MULLEAGUE. 

